Daijiworld Media Network – Mangaluru

Mangaluru, Nov 24: Most people think of their blood type as a routine medical fact — something needed before surgery or a blood donation. But new research suggests it could reveal far more, especially about liver health.

A recent study published in the journal Frontiers has found that individuals with blood type A may have a higher risk of developing autoimmune liver diseases — conditions where the body’s immune system mistakenly targets the liver, causing long-term damage. In contrast, those with blood type B appear to have a lower likelihood, particularly for primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), a condition that can lead to liver failure if untreated.

Autoimmune liver disease explained

Unlike liver problems linked to alcohol or lifestyle habits, autoimmune liver diseases occur when the immune system goes off track.

• In autoimmune hepatitis, the immune system attacks liver cells directly.
• In PBC, it damages the bile ducts, leading to bile buildup, scarring, and eventually cirrhosis.

What the study found

Blood type is determined by specific A, B, or H antigens on red blood cells, grouping people into A, B, AB, or O types.

Researchers examined more than 1,200 participants, including 114 diagnosed cases of autoimmune liver disease. Blood type A was the most common among affected patients, followed by O, B, and AB.

While this does not mean everyone with blood type A will develop liver issues, experts say it is a factor worth noting — especially if symptoms such as fatigue, joint pain, or persistent discomfort appear.

Lifestyle and monitoring

Doctors emphasise that regular check-ups, early diagnosis, and healthy living remain key to protecting liver function. For those at higher risk or living with PBC, medical experts recommend:

• Avoid alcohol: It can worsen liver inflammation and damage.
• Low-sodium diet: Helps prevent fluid buildup in the abdomen.
• Balanced diet: Whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, and healthy oils like olive oil are beneficial.
• Calcium and Vitamin D: Supports bone health as PBC patients face a higher risk of osteoporosis.
• Exercise: Regular activity improves overall well-being and bone strength.
• Quit smoking: Smoking accelerates liver deterioration.
• Regular follow-up: Periodic blood tests and liver function monitoring are crucial.

Scientists say the findings highlight the need for greater awareness and further research, as understanding these links could help guide early detection and better liver care strategies in the future.