Daijiworld Media Network - Washington

Washington, Sep 17: Experts have raised alarms over the spread of Chagas disease, a parasitic infection carried by “kissing bugs,” in the United States, warning that it is now endemic in several states. The disease, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, can lead to severe heart and digestive complications years after infection.

Chagas disease is transmitted when infected triatomine bugs bite humans, often near the face while they sleep, and pass the parasite through their feces. Infection can also occur via congenital transmission, blood transfusions, or organ transplants. Early symptoms are mild and often go unnoticed, including fatigue, fever, or swelling near the bite site. However, decades later, 20-30% of infected individuals may develop serious heart problems or digestive disorders.

The CDC and other health authorities report that the parasite and infected bugs are present in 32 states, primarily in the southern US. Local transmission has been documented in at least eight states, including Texas, California, Arizona, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Animals, especially dogs and wildlife, serve as reservoirs for the parasite, facilitating its spread.

Experts attribute the rise of Chagas in the US to several factors, including increased surveillance, climate changes, habitat adaptation by the bugs, and population movements. Despite this, public awareness remains low, and many physicians lack experience in diagnosing or treating the disease.

Residents in areas with high kissing bug populations are at the greatest risk, particularly in rural or semi-rural homes with structural cracks or open access points. Warning signs include unexplained fever, swelling near bite sites, fatigue, palpitations, and digestive issues.

Authorities stress prevention through protective measures such as installing screens, sealing cracks, limiting pet exposure, and using insecticides where necessary. Early testing is critical, as antiparasitic treatments like benznidazole and nifurtimox are most effective before chronic complications set in.

Health officials emphasize that awareness, early diagnosis, and preventive action are crucial to limit the impact of Chagas disease in the US.