Daijiworld Media Network – New Delhi

New Delhi, Feb 27: While many children go through phases of being selective about food, experts caution that extreme and persistent picky eating could sometimes point to a lesser-known eating disorder called Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID).

ARFID is a clinically recognised condition characterised by a persistent failure to meet appropriate nutritional and energy needs. Unlike other eating disorders, ARFID is not driven by concerns about body weight or shape. Instead, it may stem from sensory sensitivities, fear of choking or vomiting, or a general lack of interest in eating.

Children or adults with ARFID may:

• Avoid foods based on texture, colour, smell or temperature
• Eat a very limited range of foods
• Show anxiety or distress around mealtimes
• Experience significant weight loss or poor growth
• Develop nutritional deficiencies

Health professionals explain that while typical picky eating is common and often resolves with age, ARFID is more intense, long-lasting and can interfere with daily life, social functioning and physical health.

Experts believe ARFID can develop due to a combination of biological, psychological and environmental factors. Some individuals may have heightened sensory sensitivities, while others may develop food avoidance after a traumatic experience such as choking.

Children with neurodevelopmental conditions, including autism spectrum disorder or attention difficulties, may be at higher risk, though ARFID can affect anyone.

If left unaddressed, ARFID can lead to serious health complications, including malnutrition, delayed growth in children, weakened immunity and emotional distress. Social situations such as school lunches, family gatherings and celebrations can also become sources of anxiety.

Parents are encouraged to observe patterns rather than isolated incidents. Warning signs include extreme distress around trying new foods, a shrinking list of “safe” foods, or physical symptoms like fatigue and frequent illness due to poor nutrition.

Treatment typically involves a multidisciplinary approach, including paediatricians, dietitians and mental health professionals. Therapy may focus on gradually expanding food variety, addressing underlying anxiety, and improving coping skills.

Experts stress that labelling a child as “fussy” or forcing them to eat may worsen the situation. Instead, supportive and structured guidance can help individuals with ARFID develop a healthier relationship with food.

Raising awareness about ARFID is crucial, as early diagnosis and intervention can prevent long-term health consequences and ensure better overall wellbeing.