Daijiworld Media Network – London
London, Jul 26: In a striking revelation, a new study from Cambridge University has found that long-term exposure to air pollution may significantly increase the risk of dementia, raising alarm far beyond respiratory health concerns.
Published in The Lancet Planetary Health, the study highlights a strong link between fine particulate matter (PM2.5)—microscopic pollutants emitted by vehicles, factories, and wildfires—and cognitive decline. The analysis, which reviewed 51 studies involving over 29 million people, concluded that these particles can travel from the lungs into the bloodstream and eventually reach the brain, causing inflammation and damage that could lead to dementia.
“These toxic particles trigger inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain, which over time can result in memory loss, difficulty concentrating, and a higher likelihood of developing Alzheimer’s or vascular dementia,” researchers explained.
The findings indicate a 17% increase in dementia risk for every 10 micrograms per cubic meter rise in PM2.5 levels. The researchers also found significant associations with exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and black carbon (BC), but not with other pollutants like ozone or PM10.
Dr Haneen Khreis, senior author of the study, stated, “Tackling air pollution can deliver long-term health, social, climate, and economic benefits. It can reduce the immense burden on patients, families, and healthcare systems.”
Experts warn that the risk begins early in life, not just in old age, making long-term exposure in polluted cities particularly concerning. With air pollution largely invisible and often unavoidable—especially in urban areas—even indoor air may not be safe due to cooking fumes and dust.
Health experts recommend monitoring local air quality, using masks during high pollution days, ventilating kitchens properly, and considering air purifiers to minimize exposure.
The study reinforces growing scientific consensus that air pollution is not just a threat to lungs, but to brain health too.