The incidence of breast cancer is on the rise in India. Nearly 2 lakh new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed in our country every year, with 25% of these presenting stage 4 disease. The development of newer treatment modalities like chemotherapy and targeted drugs has significantly improved survival in breast cancer, with even patients with stage 4 disease now increasingly surviving for 5 years or more.
The diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer (stage 4 cancer) can profoundly impact a patient's quality of life, and their overall sense of well-being. While chemotherapy and targeted therapy form the backbone of the treatment of stage 4 cancer, various supportive measures can help reduce symptom burden and improve overall well-being in these patients. We discuss the benefits of some of these measures below:
Diet
A balanced diet plays a crucial role in supporting breast cancer patients during treatment and recovery. Nutrient-dense foods can bolster the immune system, prevent anemia, and aid in recovery. It’s essential for patients to focus on including a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and proteins into their meals. Foods rich in antioxidants, such as berries, leafy greens, and nuts, can help combat oxidative stress and inflammation.
Additionally, maintaining a healthy weight is vital, as obesity can increase the risk of recurrence/progression. Consultation with a qualified dietitian can provide a personalized dietary plan and address specific nutritional needs, if any.
Exercise
Regular physical activity has been shown to have numerous benefits for breast cancer patients. Exercise can help reduce fatigue, improve mood, and enhance physical strength and flexibility.
Every patient should aim for a minimum of 150 minutes of exercise / brisk walk per week. However, it is important to consider one’s fitness levels prior to undertaking any new exercises, with extra caution warranted in elderly patients or patients with previous cardiac and respiratory conditions.
Pain Relief
Managing pain is a critical aspect of improving the quality of life for breast cancer patients. Pain can arise from the cancer itself, as well as from treatments such as surgery. Effective pain management strategies may include medications and physical therapy.
Patients should communicate openly with their treating doctor about their pain levels and treatment side effects. Tailored pain management plans can significantly enhance comfort and daily functioning, allowing patients to engage more fully in life.
Psychological Support
The prevalence of depression in breast cancer patients during treatment can be as high as 80%. Therefore, psychological support is essential for enhancing emotional well-being. Support groups and counseling can provide a safe space for patients to express their feelings and share experiences. Sensitizing family members and caregivers to the emotional needs of the patient is also an important component of ensuring psychological well-being.
Yoga
Yoga combines physical postures, breathing exercises, and meditation, promoting relaxation and reducing stress. Yoga can help alleviate anxiety, depression, and fatigue thereby improving overall quality of life. It can be done during cancer therapy or after completion of therapy.
While yoga does provide certain benefits in terms of symptom reduction, it is important to remember that it is a complementary therapy at best, and is in no way a substitute for chemotherapy or surgery.
In conclusion, improving the quality of life for breast cancer patients requires a multifaceted approach. A combination of a healthy diet, regular exercise, effective pain relief, and psychological support can create a supportive framework that enhances well-being during this challenging journey. Each patient’s needs are unique, so personalized strategies are essential for achieving the best outcomes.
By Dr Sanyo P D'Souza, Senior Consultant - Medical Oncology, KMC HOSPITAL Dr B R Ambedkar Circle Mangaluru
Dr Sanal Fernandes, Consultant - Medical Oncology, KMC HOSPITAL Dr B R Ambedkar Circle Mangaluru