Daijiworld Media Network – Mumbai

Mumbai, Mar 8: Hair colouring has long been associated with transformation, whether through brighter blondes, deeper burgundy shades or seamless grey coverage. However, experts say the chemical processes behind many conventional hair dyes, particularly the use of hydrogen peroxide, can gradually damage hair fibres and scalp health over time.

Hydrogen peroxide is widely used in hair colouring because it helps lighten hair by penetrating the hair shaft and breaking down melanin, the pigment responsible for natural hair colour. While the immediate results can be striking, the process can also weaken the internal structure of the hair.

According to haircare expert Dr Harinder K Arya, chief scientist and co-founder of the Indus Valley brand, hydrogen peroxide acts as a powerful oxidising agent that opens the hair cuticle and reaches the cortex where melanin is stored. Through oxidation, it breaks down pigment molecules and causes the hair to lighten.

However, this reaction also disrupts protein bonds inside the hair shaft and strips away natural oils that help protect hair strands. Over time, this can lead to dryness, brittleness, rough texture and increased risk of split ends and breakage.

Experts note that the level of damage often depends on the concentration used in hair dyes. Higher concentrations release more oxygen, which accelerates the lightening process but also places greater stress on the hair structure. Frequent use of oxidative dyes may eventually lead to thinning hair, uneven tones, brassiness and reduced hair strength.

The scalp can also be affected. Regular exposure to strong oxidising chemicals may cause irritation, inflammation or sensitivity, particularly if hair dyes are used repeatedly or applied incorrectly.

As a result, many consumers and manufacturers are exploring alternatives such as peroxide-free gel hair colours. These products rely more on surface-level colour deposition rather than deep chemical oxidation, which helps reduce structural damage to the hair shaft and protects the cuticle layer.

Peroxide-free formulations often incorporate botanical ingredients such as amla, aloe vera, jojoba oil, henna, basil, sunflower extracts, orange extracts and wheat germ. These ingredients are believed to help maintain moisture, strengthen hair roots, reduce frizz and support overall scalp health.

Haircare specialists say the growing demand for gentler colouring options reflects a shift in consumer awareness, with people increasingly focusing not only on the immediate cosmetic effect of hair colour but also on its long-term impact on hair health.