Daijiworld Media Network – Washington

Washington, Sep 14: The American Cancer Society estimates that about 22,070 new cases of esophageal cancer will be diagnosed in 2025, with 16,250 deaths expected from the disease. Esophageal cancer forms in the tissues of the esophagus—the tube that connects the throat to the stomach—and occurs mainly in two types: adenocarcinoma (from glandular cells) and squamous cell carcinoma (from the squamous lining).

Gastroenterologist Dr Joseph Salhab warns that esophageal adenocarcinoma is on the rise in the United States, strongly linked to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). He noted that, according to the National Cancer Institute, cancer rates among Americans aged 45–64 doubled between 2012 and 2019.

GERD connection

While occasional heartburn isn’t the same as GERD, persistent reflux—more than twice a week—can damage the esophagus and lead to Barrett’s esophagus, a precancerous condition that may progress to cancer if untreated. Research published in Cancer Medicine also links GERD with higher esophageal cancer risk.

Risk factors for Barrett’s Esophagus

• Male gender (men are 3–4 times more likely)
• Age over 50
• Caucasian ethnicity
• Obesity, especially abdominal
• Smoking
• Family history of Barrett’s or esophageal cancer

Warning signs of Esophageal Cancer

• Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
• Unintentional weight loss
• Persistent chest pain or pressure
• Chronic cough or hoarseness
• Food sticking in the throat
• Worsening heartburn or indigestion

Doctors advise individuals with long-term acid reflux to seek early evaluation to reduce the risk of this aggressive cancer.