Daijiworld Media Network - New Delhi

New Delhi, Sep 30: A common genetic condition, known as G6PD deficiency, may be delaying the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in millions of men globally, potentially increasing their risk of serious long-term complications, according to a new study published in Diabetes Care.

The research, conducted by the University of Exeter in collaboration with Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), reveals that men with G6PD deficiency are typically diagnosed with type 2 diabetes four years later than those without the gene variant. This delay, researchers say, stems from a flaw in the widely used HbA1c blood test, which can appear artificially low in people with the condition — leading to missed or late diagnoses.

G6PD (Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase) deficiency affects more than 400 million people worldwide, with higher prevalence among populations of African, Asian, Middle Eastern, and Mediterranean descent. It is more common in men, often goes undetected due to its mild or absent symptoms, and remains under-screened, despite WHO recommendations for testing in high-prevalence regions.

While G6PD deficiency does not cause diabetes, the study found that it interferes with the accuracy of HbA1c — the international standard for diagnosing and monitoring diabetes, used in 136 countries. As a result, blood sugar levels may appear normal even when they are elevated, delaying treatment and increasing health risks.

The research also shows that men with G6PD deficiency who are eventually diagnosed with diabetes face a 37% higher risk of developing serious microvascular complications, including damage to the eyes, kidneys, and nerves, compared to other men with diabetes.

“This is a global health equity issue,” said Professor Inês Barroso from the University of Exeter. “Doctors and health policy makers need to be aware that the HbA1c test may not be accurate for people with G6PD deficiency. Routine G6PD screening in at-risk populations could dramatically improve early diagnosis and treatment outcomes.”

The study’s authors are urging the development and adoption of alternative diagnostic tools that are more accurate for people with G6PD deficiency, to prevent avoidable complications and improve long-term health outcomes in these underserved populations.