Daijiworld Media Network - Mumbai

Mumbai, Mar 6: A new study published in JAMA Network Open suggests that children who consume higher amounts of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) during early childhood may show slightly increased behavioural and emotional symptoms later.

Researchers analysed data from 2,077 children in Canada and found that higher intake of ultra-processed foods at the age of three was associated with marginally higher caregiver-reported behavioural and emotional symptom scores by age five. The findings highlight how early dietary habits could influence a child’s development.

The research drew on data from the CHILD Cohort Study, a multi-centre pregnancy cohort conducted in Vancouver, Manitoba, Toronto, and Edmonton. Dietary information and behavioural data were collected between 2011 and 2018.

Children’s food intake at age three was assessed using a 112-item food frequency questionnaire, with foods classified according to the NOVA food classification system. Behavioural and emotional outcomes at age five were measured using the Child Behavior Checklist, which evaluates internalising symptoms (such as anxiety and withdrawal) and externalising behaviours (such as aggression and hyperactivity).

The study found that ultra-processed foods accounted for around 46% of daily calorie intake among preschoolers in the sample.

Researchers observed that for every 10% increase in calories from ultra-processed foods, children showed small increases in behavioural symptom scores. Although the changes were modest, they were consistent across internalising, externalising and overall behavioural categories.

Certain foods — including sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened drinks, breads and ready-to-eat processed foods — were particularly linked with higher internalising symptoms.

However, the study did not find any significant difference in the association between boys and girls.

The study also tested substitution models, replacing 10% of calorie intake from ultra-processed foods with minimally processed foods (MPFs). The results showed slightly lower behavioural symptom scores, suggesting that healthier food choices may positively influence children’s behavioural development.

Researchers emphasised that early childhood is a critical period for emotional and behavioural development. While the effects observed were modest, the findings reinforce the importance of promoting healthier eating patterns among young children.

Public health experts say encouraging diets rich in minimally processed foods, along with stronger nutrition policies in families, childcare settings and food marketing, could help support healthier development and overall well-being in children.